Defence Science Technology Laboratory
Defence emissions come from all areas of defence, and some areas do create significantly larger emissions than others (for example in military aviation).
Defences total reported greenhouse gas emissions footprint between April 2022 and 2023 was 3.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent. This is a standardised measure of how different greenhouse gases contribute to global warming compared to CO2. Defences emissions made up 50% of UK central government CO2 emissions and 1% of total UK emissions.
The image here shows the proportion of UK defence CO2 emissions (1 square represents 1% of total emissions).
There are 3 types of defence greenhouse gas emissions, relating to the level of control defence has over them:
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Direct greenhouse gas emissions made by defence. For example, fossil fuels used to heat buildings, drive vehicles or operate military capability.
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Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of energy purchased by defence. For example, electricity bought from a national supplier.
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Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from activities across the organisation. For example purchased goods and services, business travel, employee commuting and waste.
Defence can fully exploit opportunities to reduce type 1 emissions but must work with others to influence type 2 and 3 emissions. For instance, the hybridisation or electrification of many capabilities will reduce type 1 emissions, but defence must also consider how the electricity is produced, stored and transported (all type 2 emissions).